1847-1903, American reformer, b. New York City. He was on the editorial staff of the Chicago Tribune from 1872 to 1885 but resigned to study social problems. His Wealth against Commonwealth (1894) is an attack on monopolies, based especially on an analysis of the Standard Oil Company. He traveled widely, writing about conditions in various countries and always supporting the causes of the underprivileged.
Bibliography: See biography by C. A. Lloyd (1912); study by C. M. Destler (1963).
